Heat-insulating wall.



G. J. COLEMAN.

HEAT INSULATING WALL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,1908.

95 5 7 Patented. May 17,1910.

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J. COLEMAN, a

. citizenofv the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in

the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Heat- Insulating Walls, of

which the following is'a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming part thereof. 1 I My invention relates generally to heat insulation and relates particularly-to heat. in-

Sula-ting walls of substantiallylarge dimensions such as of refrigerator cars, cold storage buildings, household. refrigerators and compartments and the like.

. The objects of my invention are to secure highly effective heat insulation together with a simple and inexpensive construction and alsoto secure flexibility of the heat insulatin walls. r

v y invention also has other ob ects and I advantages which will appear from the following description.

My present invention is related in a gen eral way to m former inventions, which are the subject 0 my applications for Letters Patent Serial Number 397,071, filed October 12, 1907, for heat insulation, Serial Numbers 422,815, 422,816 and 422,817, filed March 23, 1908, and Serial Number 442,751 filed contemporaneously herewith, for heat insulating walls. M inventions aforesaid all employ-vacuum mclosing bodies or a plurality of units which inclose a vacuum as a part of the heat insulating construction. The high efliciency of a vacuum as a heat insulator has been long known, but prior to my said inventions no practical embodiment of the same had been made in heat insulating walls of any considerable size and adapted to the uses above noted.

sides of the vacuum lnclosing units from collapsing or being crushed in by the pres 'sp mEmine Patented May 17,1910. ,"n ncaaoameuulya190s. -serauio. 441752. 1

' sureofthe atmosphere on the outsidethereof. construction enables the vacuum mclosmg umts -t o be made in the form of hollow plates or small hollow slabs which are convenient to assemble in a heat insulatngwall. My mvention also includes a heat msulatlng wall formed by arranging these vacuum nclosing units or vacuum inclosing plates 1n layers in substantial parallelism with the plane of the wall and mterposing low heat conductive material between the layers.

My invention also includes several details of construction and other advantageousfeatures' which will hereinafter appear.

I shall now describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and shall thereafter point out my invention in small hollow slabs 3. These plates or slabs- 3 are of substantially rectangular outline, being shown as square (Figs. 1 and 4), and because of this shape and their thinness may be conveniently and compactly assembled in a wall structure such as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The walls of these vacuum inclosing units 3 must be pressure-resisting, to withstand the pressure of the atmosphere on the outside thereof. If no means were provided to strengthen the flat or plane side Walls of these units or slabs 3, such walls would collapse or be crushed in by the pressure of the atmosphere. For resisting or withstanding this pressure, internal arched ribs 4 are pro vided forming brid es or braces for the plane or flat sides 0 the vacuum inclosing unit 3. The ribs 4 are formed by indenting or pressing inward portions of the plane side walls, V-shaped grooves 5 being thereby formed on the outside surfaces of such walls, as clearly shown in the drawings. The grooves 5 become gradually deeper toward their ends, thereby giving a corresponding arched form to the ribs 4, as shown in Fig.

2, and this deepening of the grodves 5 at their ends incidentally results in such grooves being wider at the top at their ends, as most clearly seen in Figs. 1 and 4:. The indented grooves 5, forming corresponding ribs 4, are provided in both ofthe fiat or plane sides of the vacuum inclosing unit 3.

In each of such flat sides the grooves 5 cross one another at substantiallyright angles, the crossing ribs 4 combining the one with another at the points of crossing. Three of the grooves 5 are shown as running in each direction, or six in all, for one side wall of the unit 3. The grooves 5 and consequently the corresponding ribs 4 for the opposite side walls of the vacuum inclosing un1t are located directly opposite one another, as most clearly shown in Fig. 2, and corresponding ribs 4 of the two side walls coalesce or unite the one with the other near their ends and adjacent to the edges of the unit or slab 3 (Fig. 2), thus increasing the strength of the edges or border walls of the unit 3 and also increasing the strength of the ribs 4. Excepting at their ends, as above noted, the ribs 4: of the opposite side walls are out of contact and arched outwardly one from another.

The shell of the unit 3 is composed of pressiue-resisting low heat conductive material, and as this shell is sealed by fusing it is formed of vitreous material, such as glass, as indicated in the drawings. The flat rectangular unit 3 is provided with a sealing tip (i (Fig. 1) located on one of its corners which is depressed sufficiently so that the sealing tip 6 does not project beyond the edges of the unit- 3, that is, the sealing tip (3 is within the lines forming the rectangular outline or border lines of the unit 3. Thus the sealing tip 6 does not interfere with compactly assembling the vacuum inclosing units in a wall structure.

A plurality of the flat rectangular vacuum inclosing units 3 may be conveniently laid up or assembled to form a heat insulating wall as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

are built up or laid up in a plurality of layers, shown as two, the members or units of which overlap or break joints one with another transversely of the wall as shown in the drawings. Supports 7 and 8 are provided for the layers at the outside thereof. The support 7 maybe the wood outer siding and the support/8 may be theceiling or inner facing of the heat insulating wall of a car or of a building or other inclosure.

' Sheets 9 of low heat conductive material are interposed between the layers and also between the outer sides of the layers and the supports 7 and 8, and cushioning and sealing strips or gaskets 10 of low heat conductive material are interposed between the units 3 in the layers. The sheets 9 and the strips 10 may be composed of any suitable The units material, for example, paper, and that is the material used in the construction illustrated in the drawings. The sheets 10 securely hold the flat vacuum inclosing units 3 in place, and the alternate arrangement of vacuum inclosing plates or units 3 and sheets 9 produces a compact heat lnsulatmg wall without open air spaces, thus preventing convection air currents in the wall. -To prevent heat radiation across the vacua, the vacuum inclosing units 3 are "provided on the inside with .a reflecting surface, such'as a silvered surface, but such reflecting surface could be provided on the outside or on both sides of the vacuum inclosing units if desired.

The vacuum inclosing units 3 are of .comparatively small size and may be about four inches square and of about the proportionate thickness indicated in the drawings. The small dimensions of the vacuum inclosing units obviously substantially assists the ribbed or braced side walls of the shells in withstanding the outer pressure. Also because of the small size of the heat insulatin units 3 and the cushioned manner in whic they are assembled in the wall structure, the heat insulating wall will possess considerable flexibility and will therefore be able to accommodate itself without injury to all bending and twisting or other strains to which itmay be subjected in use.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the construction shown and above particularly described within the principle and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising. a vacuum inclosing shell having flat side walls provided at intervals with integnal longitudinally arched strengthening n s.

2. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a vacuum inclosing shell having flat side walls provided at intervals with internal longitudinally arched strengthening ribs running in two directions and crossing one another.

A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a vacuum inclosing shell having fiat side walls provided at intervals with indented grooves forming internal strengthening ribs, such grooves becoming gradually deeper toward their ends and the internal ribs being correspondingly arched to increase their strength.

4. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a vacuuminclosing shell having flat side walls providedat intervals with indented grooves running in two directions and forming internal strengthening ribs crossing one another, such grooves becoming gradually deeper toward their ends and the internal ribs being correspondingly arched to increase their strength.

' their ends and the internal ribs being correspondingly arched, the ribs of the opposite.

com rising a thin and flat vacuum inclosing v she hav' plane opposite side walls providedat ii itervals with indented grooves forming internal strengthening ribs, such. grooves becoming gradually deeper toward sides coalescing one with another near their ends and adjacent to the edges of the unit.

6. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a thin and flat vacuum inclosing shell having plane'opposite side walls provided at intervals with indented ooves running in two directions and forming internal strengthening ribs crossing one another, such grooves becoming gradually deeper toward their ends and the internal ribs being correspondingly arched, the ribs of the opposite sides coalescin one with another near their ends and a jacent to the edges of the unit. I

7. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a thin and flat vacuum inclosing body of rectangular outline and having plane opposite side walls provided with indented grooves crossing one another at substantially right angles and forming crossed internal strengthening ribs for each side wall.

8. A unit for heat insulating construction comprising a thin and flat vacuum inclosingbody of rectangular outline and having plane opposite'side walls provided with indented grooves crossing one another at substantially right angles and forming crossed internal strengthening ribs for each side wall, such ribs of the opposite walls ooalescing adjacent to their ends and being out of contact and arched outwardly one from another toward their middle portions.

' 9. A heat insulating wall comprising thin and flat vacuum inclosing bodies having plane opposite side walls of substantially rectangular outline assembled insubstantial parallelism with the plane of the wall and edge to edge adjacent one to another to form a layer substantially parallel with the plane of the wall, each of such flat vacuum inclosing bodies being provided in its opposite side walls with indented ooves crossing 'one another at substantial y right angles and forming crossed internal strengthening ribs for each side wall to prevent collapse of the walls of the vacuum inclosing bodies from outside pressure.

10. A heat insulating wall comprising thin and flat vacuum inclosing bodies having plane opposite side walls of substantially rectangular outline assembled in substantial parallelism with the plane of the wall andedge to edge adjacent one to another to form a plurality of layers substantially parallel with" the plane of the wall, each of such flat vacuum inclosing bodies be- 'joints with the bodies in an a joints-with the bodies in an a crossed internal strengthening ribs for each side wall, and a low heat conductive sheet interposed between the layers.

11. A heat insulating wall comprising thiirand flat vacuum inclosing bodies havin plane opposite side walls of substantia yrectangular outline assembled in substantial arallelism. with the plane of the wall and edgeto edge adjacent one to an other toform a plurality of layers substantiallyparallel with the plane of the wall, each of such fiat vacuum inclosin bodies being provided in its opposite si e walls with indented grooves crossing one-another at substantially right angles and forming crossed internal strengthening ribs for each side wall, the bodies in one la er breaking d jacent layer, and a low .heat conductive sheet interposed between the layers.

12. A heat insulating wall comprising thin and fiat vacuum inclosing bodies having plane opposite side walls of substan tially rectangular outline assembled in substantial parallelism with the plane of the wall and edge to edge adjacent one to another to form a plurality of layers substan-- tially parallel with the plane of the wall, each of such flat vacuum inclosing bodies being provided in its opposite si e walls with indented grooves crossing one another at substantially right angles and forming crossed internal strengthenin ribs for'each side wall, the bodies in one aiyer breaking 13. A heat insulating wall comprising thin and flat vacuum inclosing bodies having plane opposite side walls of substantially rectangular outline assembled in substantial parallelism with the plane of the wall and edge to edge adjacent one to an other to form a plurality of layers substantially parallel with the plane of the wall, each of such flat vacuum inclosing bodies being provided in its opposite side walls with indented grooves crossing one another at substantially right angles and forming crossed internalstrengthenin ribs for each' side wall, .a low heat conductive sheet interposed between the layers, and low heat conductive strips interposed between the bodies in the layers.

14. A heat insulating wall comprising thin and fiat vacuum inclosing bodies having plane opposite side walls of substantially rectangular outline assembled in substantial parallelism with the plane of the wall and edge to edge adjacent one to another to form a plurality of layers substantially parallel with the plane of the wall, each of such flat vacuum inclosin bodies being provided in its opposite side walls acent layer.

. joints with the bodies in an adjacent 1a er,

4 eaejoms with indented grooves crossing one another strips interposed between the bodies in the 10 at substantially right angles and forming layers.

crossed internal strengthenin ribs for each 1 In testimony whereof I have aflixed my side wall, the bodies 1n one layer breaking signature in presence of two witnesses.

supports outside of the outer layers, ow

heat conductive sheets interposed between Witnesses: the layers and also between the outer layers WM. ASHLEY KELLY, and the supports, and low heat conductive BERNARD .CowEN.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN. 

